An evaluation of vocational education as a tool for poverty reduction among women in Gubio Local Government Area, Borno State
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Background of the Study
Vocational education has been increasingly recognized as a potent instrument for poverty reduction, particularly among marginalized groups such as women. In Gubio Local Government Area, Borno State, vocational training programs are being implemented with the aim of equipping women with the skills needed to generate income independently. By providing practical training in areas such as tailoring, hairdressing, catering, and other market-relevant trades, vocational education empowers women to become self-reliant and entrepreneurial (Hassan, 2023). This empowerment is crucial in contexts where traditional employment opportunities are limited and socio-cultural barriers restrict women’s access to formal economic activities. Recent educational reforms have highlighted the role of vocational training in bridging the gender gap and fostering economic independence among women (Fatima, 2024). In Gubio, initiatives supported by both governmental and non-governmental organizations have aimed to enhance women’s participation in vocational programs by offering subsidized courses, mentorship, and access to microcredit facilities. These measures are intended to create a ripple effect that not only improves the socio-economic status of individual women but also contributes to community development and poverty alleviation. Despite these positive developments, challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, limited access to modern training tools, and prevailing cultural attitudes continue to hinder the full realization of vocational education’s potential as a poverty reduction tool. Furthermore, the lack of consistent follow-up support and market linkages often results in the underutilization of acquired skills, thereby limiting the economic impact of such training programs (Amin, 2025). Against this backdrop, the present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of vocational education in reducing poverty among women in Gubio. By assessing program implementation, resource adequacy, and the economic outcomes of graduates, the research seeks to identify best practices and areas requiring improvement. Ultimately, the study will contribute to a better understanding of how vocational education can be optimized to empower women economically and sustainably alleviate poverty in the region (Ibrahim, 2024).
Statement of the Problem
Notwithstanding the potential benefits of vocational education as a poverty reduction tool for women in Gubio, significant obstacles continue to hamper its effectiveness. Many women enrolled in vocational programs face challenges that limit their ability to translate training into sustainable income-generating activities. Key issues include inadequate training facilities, insufficient practical sessions, and a lack of access to market information and financial resources (Usman, 2023). Moreover, cultural and social barriers often restrict women’s full participation in economic activities, even after they have acquired vocational skills. These challenges result in suboptimal outcomes where the expected reduction in poverty is not fully achieved. Stakeholders have noted that while vocational education can empower women, the absence of structured follow-up mechanisms and support systems undermines the potential benefits. Additionally, inconsistent program implementation and limited collaboration with local industries further exacerbate the situation. As a result, many women remain economically dependent despite undergoing vocational training, and the overall impact on poverty reduction is minimal. This study seeks to systematically assess the factors that hinder the successful use of vocational education for poverty alleviation among women in Gubio. It will explore the relationship between the quality of vocational training, the availability of support services, and the economic empowerment of female graduates. By identifying the key challenges and constraints, the research aims to propose targeted interventions that can enhance the effectiveness of vocational programs in reducing poverty. Addressing these issues is critical for ensuring that vocational education serves as a robust tool for socio-economic transformation and gender empowerment in the region (Bello, 2024).
Objectives of the Study:
- To assess the impact of vocational education on poverty reduction among women.
- To evaluate the quality and relevance of vocational training programs for women.
- To identify challenges and propose strategies for improving program outcomes.
Research Questions:
- How effective is vocational education in reducing poverty among women in Gubio?
- What is the quality and relevance of the vocational training provided to women?
- What challenges limit the economic empowerment of female graduates?
Research Hypotheses:
- Vocational education significantly improves the economic status of women.
- High-quality vocational training positively correlates with sustainable poverty reduction.
- Social and infrastructural challenges negatively affect the outcomes of vocational education for women.
Significance of the Study
This study is significant as it investigates the role of vocational education in alleviating poverty among women in Gubio. The findings will provide critical insights into how tailored vocational training can empower women economically, thereby fostering community development. The recommendations will inform policymakers and program implementers about necessary interventions to enhance training quality, support mechanisms, and market linkages, ultimately contributing to sustainable poverty reduction and gender empowerment (Fatima, 2024).
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
The study is limited to evaluating vocational education as a tool for poverty reduction among women in Gubio Local Government Area, Borno State. It focuses on program quality, support services, and economic outcomes without extending to other regions or demographic groups.
Definitions of Terms:
- Vocational Education: Training programs that impart practical and marketable skills for various trades.
- Poverty Reduction: Strategies and interventions aimed at lowering the economic deprivation of individuals or groups.
- Economic Empowerment: The process of increasing the economic capacity and independence of individuals, particularly marginalized groups.
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